Phonology
Sound inventory and phonological rules
23 consonants
6 vowels
Consonant Inventory
| Manner | Bilabial | Labiodental | Alveolar | Postalveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | pb | · | td | · | · | kɡ | · | |||||||
| Nasal | m | · | n | · | ɲ | ŋ | · | |||||||
| Fricative | · | fv | sz | ʃ | · | ɣ | ɦ | |||||||
| Affricate | · | · | · | tʃdʒ | · | · | · | |||||||
| Approximant | · | · | ɹ | · | j | w | · | |||||||
| Lateral approximant | · | · | l | · | · | · | · | |||||||
Vowel Inventory
| Height | Front | Central | Back |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | · | u |
| Close-mid | e | · | o |
| Open-mid | ɛ | · | · |
| Open | a | · | · |
Syllable Structure
(V)CVPhoneme Frequency
Distribution of phonemes across 363 transcribed dictionary entries (2,038 total tokens)
/o/
343 (16.8%)
/w/
315 (15.5%)
/ɔ̙/
179 (8.8%)
/t/
139 (6.8%)
/u/
98 (4.8%)
/o˥/
88 (4.3%)
/j/
73 (3.6%)
/ʊ̙/
71 (3.5%)
/ɛ/
65 (3.2%)
/˥/
65 (3.2%)
/f/
62 (3%)
/ɪ̙/
59 (2.9%)
/e/
47 (2.3%)
/i/
45 (2.2%)
/ʃ/
44 (2.2%)
/o˩/
40 (2%)
/i˩/
29 (1.4%)
/i˥/
29 (1.4%)
/˩/
26 (1.3%)
/l/
25 (1.2%)
/ɲ/
24 (1.2%)
/ŋ/
21 (1%)
/e˥/
20 (1%)
/ɦ/
17 (0.8%)
/d/
16 (0.8%)
/e˩/
15 (0.7%)
/a/
15 (0.7%)
/ɣ/
13 (0.6%)
/nd/
9 (0.4%)
/oː/
9 (0.4%)