Phonology
Sound inventory and phonological rules
18 consonants
3 vowels
Consonant Inventory
| Manner | Bilabial | Alveolar | Postalveolar | Palatal | Velar | Pharyngeal | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | b | td | · | · | kɡ | ʡ | ||||||
| Nasal | m | n | · | · | · | · | ||||||
| Trill | · | r | · | · | · | · | ||||||
| Fricative | · | s | ʃ | · | ɣ | ħ | ||||||
| Affricate | · | · | tʃdʒ | · | · | · | ||||||
| Approximant | · | · | · | j | w | · | ||||||
| Lateral approximant | · | l | · | · | · | · | ||||||
Vowel Inventory
| Height | Front | Central | Back |
|---|---|---|---|
| Near-close | ɪ | · | ʊ |
| Open | · | · | ɑ |
Syllable Structure
CCVCPhonological Rules
/V/ -> [+pharyngeal]/{ q, ḥ, e, ṛ }
/Ø/ -> w / u _ V
/Ø/ -> j / i _ V
σ_max = CCVCPhoneme Frequency
Distribution of phonemes across 334 transcribed dictionary entries (1,729 total tokens)
/ɪ/
301 (17.4%)
/ʊ/
250 (14.5%)
/ɑː/
193 (11.2%)
/k/
91 (5.3%)
/t/
75 (4.3%)
/m/
71 (4.1%)
/l/
62 (3.6%)
/s/
61 (3.5%)
/w/
60 (3.5%)
/n/
58 (3.4%)
/ks/
55 (3.2%)
/r/
54 (3.1%)
/ħ/
52 (3%)
/d/
51 (2.9%)
/ʤ/
50 (2.9%)
/b/
50 (2.9%)
/g/
47 (2.7%)
/ʃ/
37 (2.1%)
/j/
36 (2.1%)
/̙/
23 (1.3%)
/kʰ/
14 (0.8%)
/ɣ/
12 (0.7%)
/ʡ/
11 (0.6%)
/kʷ/
9 (0.5%)
/ʧ/
6 (0.3%)