Phonology
Sound inventory and phonological rules
14 consonants
9 vowels
Consonant Inventory
| Manner | Bilabial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | p | t | · | k | ʔ | |||||
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | · | |||||
| Fricative | · | s | · | · | h | |||||
| Affricate | · | · | tɕ | · | · | |||||
| Approximant | · | · | j | w | · | |||||
| Lateral approximant | · | l | · | · | · | |||||
Vowel Inventory
| Height | Front | Central | Back |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | · | ɯu |
| Close-mid | e | · | o |
| Mid | · | ə | · |
| Open-mid | ɛ | · | ɔ |
| Open | a | · | · |
Syllable Structure
(C)V(V)(C) + TonePhonological Rules
∅ → ə / C_C · C T[52, 353, 21] → ∅ / V_C · C = p, t, k
Phoneme Frequency
Distribution of phonemes across 52 transcribed dictionary entries (219 total tokens)
/l/
19 (8.7%)
/n/
18 (8.2%)
/i/
16 (7.3%)
/a/
16 (7.3%)
/ə/
14 (6.4%)
/k/
13 (5.9%)
/˥˨/
13 (5.9%)
/ŋ/
12 (5.5%)
/˨˩/
11 (5%)
/u/
11 (5%)
/˦ˀ/
11 (5%)
/t/
10 (4.6%)
/ɯ/
8 (3.7%)
/p/
8 (3.7%)
/h/
7 (3.2%)
/m/
6 (2.7%)
/ɔ/
5 (2.3%)
/s/
5 (2.3%)
/e/
3 (1.4%)
/o/
3 (1.4%)
/ɛ/
3 (1.4%)
/j/
2 (0.9%)
/kʰ/
2 (0.9%)
/ʔ/
2 (0.9%)
/tɕ/
1 (0.5%)