Paradigm Tables

Morphological patterns, declensions, and conjugations for Asteran

The Stages of the Choir

	Title	Clothing	Crown	Meaning
0	stenor	No uniform. May wear a personal prayer cord or a small stitched Choir mark	No crown	Ordinary faithful; sympathizers, parishioners, lay believers.
1	tūnor	Bone-ash linen tunic. Simple, pale	Matte silver circlet with 1 hematite cabochon at the front.	New novice. First level of consecrated discipline.
2	astor	+ charcoal wool surplice	Matte silver circlet with 2 hematite cabochons. Newest stone at the front	Novice with basic ritual control.
3	seror	+ verdigris felt sash	Matte silver circlet with 3 hematite cabochons	Avolyte; not yet priestly, but consecrated.
4	cantor	+ verdigris brocade surcoat	Matte silver circlet with 4 stones: 3 hematite + 1 malachite lead stone	Junior priest; authorized ritual singer.
5	cordehalor	+ copper bracers	Matte silver circlet with 5 stones: 3 hematite + 2 malachite	Keeper or guardian of the ritual chords.
6	argecantor	+ copper satin shoulder cape	Matte silver circlet with 6 stones: 3 hematite + 3 malachite	Bishop; Chief cantor; senior cantor of high rank.
7	rēmor	+ electric blue silk stola	Matte silver circlet with 7 stones: 3 hematite + 3 malachite + 1 lapis lazuli lead stone	Arch-Bishop; High-ranking leader; political, doctrinal, and operational authority.
8	cardor	+ grand cope	Matte silver circlet with 8 stones: 3 hematite + 3 malachite + 2 lapis lazuli	Cardinal; near-supreme authority below the High Cantor
9	pāpor	+ rigid silver or gold shoulder mantle	Full Crown of the Resonant Nine with 9 stones: 3 hematite + 3 malachite + 2 lapis lazuli + 1 diamond lead stone	Supreme head of the Choir; living voice of sacred order.

Derivation from Roots

Nouns and verbs are derived from roots with special suffixes. If a root ends in -r, -t, or in a consonant cluster, then the verb requires -is-

	Function	Meaning
-or	person / office / role	one who performs or holds the root-function
-un	action / rite / event	the act, ritual, or event of the root
-ir	abstract principle / doctrine	the concept, quality, doctrine, or principle of the root
-et	result / product / mark	the thing produced, left, or caused by the root
-ac	instrument / object / tool	tool, device, or object used for the root-action
-al	institution / organized body	institution, or collective body related to the root
-is	action	verb
-on	place	place, office

Numbers

Asteran uses a base-9 number system. Numbers above eight are formed by combining the number of completed nines with the remaining digit. For larger numbers, Asteran uses place-value words. Asteran numerals are ordered from largest place value to smallest.

	Asteran	Meaning	Ordinals
0	ōm	zero, none	--
1	il	one	ildau
2	par	two	pardau
3	tem	three	temdau
4	cau	four	caudau
5	lir	five	lirdau
6	mos	six	mosdau
7	fal	seven	faldau
8	wac	eight	wacdau
9	nōr	one nine	nōrdau
10	nōr il	nine and one	nōr ildau
11	nōr par	nine and two	nōr pardau
12	nōr tem	nine and three	nōr temdau
13	nōr cau	nine and four	nōr caudau
14	nōr lir	nine and five	nōr lirdau
15	nōr mos	nine and six	nōr mosdau
16	nōr fal	nine and seven	nōr faldau
17	nōr wac	nine and eight	nōr wacdau
18	par-nōr	two nines	par-nōrdau
19	par-nōr il	two nines and one	par-nōr ildau
20	par-nōr par	two nines and two	par-nōr pardau
81	sāl	one nine-of-nines	sāldau
729	mūr	one high nine / nine-cube	mūrdau
162	par-sāl	two nine-of-nines	par-sāldau
197	par-sāl tem-nōr wac	two 81s, three 9s, and eight	par-sāl tem-nōr wacdau

Conjunctions

Asteran conjunctions are usually short particles.

	Asteran	Type
and	lā	Coordinating
or	wē	Coordinating
but	cō	Coordinating
nor, and not	nac lā	Coordinating
because	sā	Logical
therefore, thus	āt	Logical
so that, in order that	sū	Logical
if	cī	Conditional
unless, if not	cī nac	Conditional
although, even though	mō	Conditional
before	cā	Temporal
after	dō	Temporal
during, while	rī	Temporal
until	tē	Temporal
since	sē	Temporal
when	cē	Temporal

Relative Pronoun Declension

Asteran uses a declinable relative pronoun built around ts. It does not distinguish people from things. The form of the relative pronoun echoes its own case and number.

	Meaning	Singular	Plural	Examples
Nominative	who, what, that	atsa	ītsī	astor atsa malgam calei
Genitive	whose, which	ētsēn	ōtsōn	astor ētsēn corda sacrau anei
Dative	to whom, for what	aitsai	ītsīs	astorī ītsīs malgam caleis
Accusative	whom, what	atsam	ātsās	malc atsam astor calei
Ablative	from whom, by what	ōtsō	ūtsūm	—
Locative	in what, at what, within whom	utsul	ītsīl	faren utsul astor anei
Vocative	who, what	etse	ītsī	—

Interrogative Cases

tsan means who and declines like a singular pronoun.

	Case	Asteran	Example	Meaning
who	Nominative	tsan	tsan malgam calei?	Who binds the fracture?
whose, of whom	Genitive	tsanēn	—	—
to whom, for whom	Dative	tsanai	astor malgam tsanai caltei?	For whom will the cantor bind the fracture?
whom	Accusative	tsanam	astor tsanam calei?	Whom does the cantor bind?
from whom, by whom, with home	Ablative	tsanō	—	—
at/within whom	Locative	tsanul	—	—
what	Nominative	tsam	tsam calei?	What binds?
of what	Genitive	tsamēn	—	—
to what, for what	Dative	tsamai	—	—
what as indirect object	Accusative	tsamam	astor tsamam calei?	What does the cantor bind?
from what, by what, with what	Ablative	tsamō	astor tsamō calrei?	By what did the cantor bind?
in/at/within what	Locative	tsamul	mel tsamul anei?	Inside what is it?
to where	Dative	tsorai	astor tsorai caltei?	To where will the cantor go/act?
from where	Ablative	tsorō	astor tsorō calrei?	From where did the cantor bind/act?
where, in what place	Locative	tsorul	astor malgam tsorul calei?	Where does the cantor bind the fracture?
inside where	Locative	mel tsorul	mel tsorul?	Inside where?
above where	Locative	or tsorul	or tsorul?	Above where?
behind where	Locative	dar tsorul	dar tsorul?	Behind where?
until when, to what time	Dative	tsenai	astor malgam tsenai caltei?	Until when will the cantor bind the fracture?
since when, form what time	Ablative	tsenō	astor malgam tsenō calrei?	Since when did the cantor bind the fracture?
when, at what time	Locative	tsenul	astor malgam tsenul calei?	When does the cantor bind the fracture?

Interrogative Words

	Asteran	Type
who	tsan	who
what	tsam	pronoun
what place	tsor	place root
what time	tsen	time root
why, for what purpose	tsai	particle
how, in what manner	tsau	particle
which	tsirau	adjective
how many, how much	tsim	quantifier

Other Prepositions

Each preposition requires a specific case.

	Asteron	Case	Example	Meaning
through	fer	Locative	fer farenul	through the room
across	lar	Locative	lar farenul	across the room
along	sel	Locative	sel farenul	along the length of the room
with, accompanied by	sam	Ablative	sam astorō	with the cantor
using, by means of	lun	Ablative	lun cordō	by means of the chord
by the ageny/authority of	ol	Ablative	ol astorō	by the authority of the cantor
for, on behalf of	ren	Dative	ren astorai	for the cantor
against, opposed to	tas	Accusative	tas malgam	against the fracture
before, earlier than	cai	Locative	cai ritalul	before the rite
after, later than	dol	Locative	dol ritalul	after the rite
during	ris	Locative	ris ritalul	during the rite
until, up to	ten	Dative	ten ritalai	until the rite
since, from a time onward	sen	Ablative	sen ritalō	since the rite

Spatial Prepositions

Spatial prepositions usually combine with dative, ablative, or locative.

	Asteran	Case	Example	Meaning
inside	mel	Dative	mel farenai	into the room
inside	mel	Ablative	mel farenō	out of/from inside the room
inside	mel	Locative	mel farenul	inside the room
on, on the surface of	tal	Dative	tal farenai	onto the room / onto the surface of the room
on, on the surface of	tal	Ablative	tal farenō	off the room / from the surface of the room
on, on the surface of	tal	Locative	tal farenul	on the room / on the surface of the room
above, over	or	Dative	or farenai	to above the room
above, over	or	Ablative	or farenō	from above the room
above, over	or	Locative	or farenul	above the room
under, beneath	num	Dative	num farenai	to beneath the room
under, beneath	num	Ablative	num farenō	from beneath the room
under, beneath	num	Locative	num farenul	under/beneath the room
near beside	car	Dative	car farenai	toward/beside the room
near beside	car	Ablative	car farenō	away from beside the room
near beside	car	Locative	car farenul	near/beside the room
between, among	ham	Dative	ham farenai	among the rooms
between, among	ham	Ablative	ham farenō	out from among the rooms
between, among	ham	Locative	ham farenul	between/among the rooms
in front of	mir	Dative	mir farenai	to the front of the room
in front of	mir	Ablative	mir farenō	from the front of the room
in front of	mir	Locative	mir farenul	in front of the room
behind	dar	Dative	dar farenai	to behind the room
behind	dar	Ablative	dar farenō	from behind the room
behind	dar	Locative	dar farenul	behind the room

Adjective Comparative & Superlative

Asteran does not use comparative or superlative suffixes. Instead, it uses degree particles before the adjective.

	Marker	Example	Meaning
Positive	—	sacrau	sacred
Comparative	tser	tser sacrau	more sacred
Superlative	tson	tson sacrau	most sacred

Adjective Suffixes

Adjectives use the same case-number endings as nouns. Before vowel-initial case/number endings, final -au becomes -aw-. Rule: au → aw / _V || So: sacrau = sacred | but: sacrawam = sacred-ACC.SG | sacrawī = sacred-NOM.PL

	Singular	Example	Plural	Example
Nominative	-au	sacrau	-awī	sacrawī
Genitive	-awēn	sacrawēn	-awōn	sacrawōn
Dative	-awai	sacrawai	-awīs	sacrawīs
Accusative	-awam	sacrawam	-awās	sacrawās
Ablative	-awō	sacrawō	-awūm	sacrawūm
Locative	-awul	sacrawul	-awīl	sacrawīl
Vocative	-awe	sacrawe	-awe	sacrawī

Imperative Mood

The imperative is used for direct commands. It does not mark tense.

	Ending	Example	Meaning
Singular Command	-ā	calā	bind!
Plural Command	-ūts	calūts	bind, you all!
Hortative	-īn	calīn	let us bind!

Passive Verb Example

	Present	Past	Future	Present Subj	Past Subj	Future Subj
1st Singular	calat	calrat	caltat	calārat	calrārat	caltārat
2nd Singular	calut	calrut	caltut	calārut	calrārut	caltārut
3rd Singular	caleit	calreit	calteit	calāreit	calrāreit	caltāreit
1st Plural	calaint	calraint	caltaint	calāraint	calrāraint	caltāraint
2nd Plural	calūst	calrūst	caltūst	calārūst	calrārūst	caltārūst
3rd Plural	caleist	calreist	calteist	calāreist	calrāreist	caltāreist

Passive Verb Conjugation

The passive is formed with final -t, the passive infinitive also takes final -t: calen = to bind | calent = to be bound

	Present	Past	Future	Present Subj	Past Subj	Future Subj
1st Singular	-at	-rat	-tat	-ārat	-rārat	-tārat
2nd Singular	-ut	-rut	-tut	-ārut	-rārut	-tārut
3rd Singular	-eit	-reit	-teit	-āreit	-rāreit	-tāreit
1st Plural	-aint	-raint	-aint	-āraint	-rāraint	-tāraint
2nd Plural	-ūst	-rūst	-tūst	-ārūst	-rārūst	-tārūst
3rd Plural	-eist	-reist	-teist	-āreist	-rāreist	-tāreist

Active Verb Example

Example: cal- = bind, constrain, impose order on | infinitive: calen = to bind

	Present	Past	Future	Present Subj	Past Subj	Future Subj
1st Singular	cala	calra	calta	calāra	calrāra	caltāra
2nd Singular	calu	calru	caltu	calāru	calrāru	caltāru
3rd Singular	calei	calrei	caltei	calārei	calrārei	caltārei
1st Plural	calain	calrain	caltain	calārain	calrārain	caltārain
2nd Plural	calūs	calrūs	caltūs	calārūs	calrārūs	caltārūs
3rd Plural	caleis	calreis	calteis	calāreis	calrāreis	caltāreis

Active Verb Conjugation

Asteran forms the infinitive with: stem + -en You conjugate verbs by adding a specific suffix to the stem.

	Present	Past	Future	Present Subj	Past Subj	Future Subj
1st Singular	-a	-ra	-ta	-āra	-rāra	-tāra
2nd Singular	-u	-ru	-tu	-āru	-rāru	-tāru
3rd Singular	-ei	-rei	-tei	-ārei	-rārei	-tārei
1st Plural	-ain	-rain	-tain	-ārain	-rārain	-tārain
2nd Plural	-ūs	-rūs	-tūs	-ārūs	-rārūs	-tārūs
3rd Plural	-eis	-reis	-teis	-āreis	-rāreis	-tāreis

Personal Pronouns

Pronouns decline for case. Asteran does not mark gender in the third person. The same third-person singular pronoun can mean he, she, it, or singular they, depending on context. Asteran does not have separate possessive determiners like English my, your, his, her, our, their. It expressses possession through the genitive case: possessed noun + genitive possessor

	Astern	Meaning	Genitive	Dative
1st Singular	nan	I	nanēn	nanai
2nd Singular	cun	you	cunēn	cunai
3rd Singular	lein	he/she/they/it	leinēn	leinai
1st Plural	nain	we	nainōn	nainīs
2nd Plural	cūs	you	cūsōn	cūsīs
3rd Plural	leis	they	leisōn	leisīs

Noun Declension Pattern

astor = cantor, consecrated singer, Choir priest

	Singular	Meaning	Plural	Meaning
Nominative	astor	cantor / the cantor	astorī	cantors / the cantors
Genitive	astorēn	of the cantor	astorōn	of the cantors
Dative	astorai	to/for the cantor	astorīs	to/for the cantors
Accusative	astoram	the cantor as indirect object	astorās	the cantors as indirect object
Ablative	astorō	from/by/with the cantor	astorūm	from/by/with the cantors
Locative	astorul	in/at/within the cantor	astorīl	among/within the cantors
Vocative	astore	O cantor!	astorī	O cantors!

Case Suffixes

	Singular Ending	Plural Ending
Nominative	∅	-ī
Genitive	-ēn	-ōn
Dative	-ai	-īs
Accusative	-am	-ās
Ablative	-ō	-ūm
Locative	-ul	-īl
Vocative	-e	-ī