Phonology

Sound inventory and phonological rules

19 consonants
8 vowels

Consonant Inventory

MannerBilabialLabiodentalAlveolarPostalveolarPalatalVelarUvularPharyngealGlottal
Plosive
p
·
td
·
·
kg
q
·
ʔ
Nasal
m
·
·
·
·
·
ɴ
·
·
Trill
ʙ
·
r
·
·
·
·
ʜ
·
Fricative
·
fv
sz
ʃ
·
·
·
·
·
Approximant
·
·
·
·
j
·
·
·
·
Lateral approximant
·
·
ɫ
·
·
·
·
·
·

Vowel Inventory

HeightFrontCentralBack
Close
iy
·
u
Near-close
ɪ
··
Close-mid
eø
··
Mid··
Open··
ɑ

Syllable Structure

CVC,CV,CVCV

Phonological Rules

Final devoicing	voiced consonants become voiceless word-finally	/d/ → [t] / __#
Nasal assimilation	/n/ changes to match the following consonant	/n+k/ → [ŋk]
Intervocalic voicing	voiceless consonants become voiced between vowels	/t/ → [d] / V_V
Palatalization	consonants become “softer” before /i/ or /j/	/k/ → [kʲ] / __i
Vowel harmony	suffix vowels adjust to the root's vowels	Turkish-style
Vowel reduction	unstressed vowels become weaker	/a/ → [ə] when unstressed
Consonant deletion	awkward consonants disappear in certain clusters	/ntk/ → [nk]
Epenthesis	a vowel gets inserted to break difficult clusters	/str/ → [sətər]

Phoneme Frequency

Distribution of phonemes across 2 transcribed dictionary entries (3 total tokens)

/e/
1 (33.3%)
/ɴ/
1 (33.3%)
//
1 (33.3%)