Phonology
Sound inventory and phonological rules
18 consonants
3 vowels
Consonant Inventory
| Manner | Bilabial | Alveolar | Postalveolar | Palatal | Velar | Pharyngeal | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | b | td | · | · | kɡ | ʡ | ||||||
| Nasal | m | n | · | · | · | · | ||||||
| Trill | · | r | · | · | · | · | ||||||
| Fricative | · | s | ʃ | · | ɣ | ħ | ||||||
| Affricate | · | · | tʃdʒ | · | · | · | ||||||
| Approximant | · | · | · | j | w | · | ||||||
| Lateral approximant | · | l | · | · | · | · | ||||||
Vowel Inventory
| Height | Front | Central | Back |
|---|---|---|---|
| Near-close | ɪ | · | ʊ |
| Open | · | · | ɑ |
Syllable Structure
CCVCPhonological Rules
/V/ -> [+pharyngeal]/{ q, ḥ, e, ṛ }
/Ø/ -> w / u _ V
/Ø/ -> j / i _ V
σ_max = CCVCPhoneme Frequency
Distribution of phonemes across 331 transcribed dictionary entries (1,667 total tokens)
/ʊ/
289 (17.3%)
/ɪ/
259 (15.5%)
/ɑː/
193 (11.6%)
/k/
89 (5.3%)
/m/
69 (4.1%)
/t/
67 (4%)
/l/
61 (3.7%)
/s/
60 (3.6%)
/n/
59 (3.5%)
/r/
57 (3.4%)
/w/
57 (3.4%)
/b/
52 (3.1%)
/ks/
49 (2.9%)
/g/
47 (2.8%)
/d/
47 (2.8%)
/ħ/
46 (2.8%)
/ʃ/
37 (2.2%)
/j/
33 (2%)
/ʤ/
25 (1.5%)
/̙/
23 (1.4%)
/ɣ/
12 (0.7%)
/kʰ/
11 (0.7%)
/ʡ/
9 (0.5%)
/kʷ/
7 (0.4%)
/p/
5 (0.3%)
/ʧ/
4 (0.2%)