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Paradigm Tables

Morphological patterns, declensions, and conjugations for High Qhālan

Verb Tense and Aspect

High Qhālan inherits Qebaric verb structure. Most dictionary verbs end in -hen or -en. The working stem is formed by removing the infinitive ending. Tense and aspect are marked with suffixes. Negation uses the particle nu before the verb. In careful ritual speech, older full forms are preferred.
FormPatternMeaning
Infinitive / Dictionary-hen / -enSTEM + -hen / -ento VERB
Present Habitual∅ / -enSTEM or dictionary formdoes regularly / generally
Present Continuous-akSTEM + -akis doing now
Past / Perfective-udSTEM + -uddid / has done
Future / Prospective-enSTEM + -enwill do / expected to do
Negativenu + VERBnu + VERBdoes not / did not / will not

Noun Case

High Qhālan preserves the full Qebaric case system in ritual, legal, poetic, and formal speech. In ordinary formal use, nominative, genitive, locative, and ablative are the strongest surviving cases. Accusative and instrumental remain common in high-register recitation and legal formulas.
SuffixMeaningHigh Qhālan Use
Nominative∅subject / base formcommon
Accusative-akdirect objectformal / legal
Genitive-arof / belonging tocommon
Locative-alin / at / oncommon
Instrumental-athwith / by means of ritual / formal
Ablative-udfrom / away fromcommon in oath speeches

Noun Number by Gender

High Qhālan preserves Qebaric gender and number marking in formal speech. Singular nouns use the bare root. Plural, dual, and paucal forms are marked by suffixes determined by gender. Final root -d may disappear in bare forms through sound change, but it reappears or remains protected when followed by suffixes.
MasculineFeminineNeuter/Inanimate
Singular∅∅∅
Plural-en-un-ad
Dual-et-ut-et
Paucal-em-um-em