Phonology
Sound inventory and phonological rules
19 consonants
5 vowels
Consonant Inventory
| Manner | Bilabial | Dental | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | pb | · | td | · | kg | · | ||||||
| Nasal | m | · | n | · | ŋ | · | ||||||
| Trill | · | · | r | · | · | · | ||||||
| Fricative | ɸ | θ | sz | · | ɣ | h | ||||||
| Approximant | · | · | · | j | w | · | ||||||
| Lateral approximant | · | · | l | · | · | · | ||||||
Vowel Inventory
| Height | Front | Central | Back |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | · | u |
| Close-mid | e | · | · |
| Open-mid | · | · | ɔ |
| Open | · | · | ɑ |
Syllable Structure
CV, CVV, CVC, CVCCPhonological Rules
/s/ → [z] / V_V /ɸ/ → [β] / V_V /θ/ → [ð] / V_V /b/ → [β] / V_V /d/ → [ð] / V_V /g/ → [ɣ] / V_V /g/ → [j] / _V /β/ → [ɸ] / _# /ð/ → [θ] / _# /z/ → [s] / _#
Phoneme Frequency
Distribution of phonemes across 65 transcribed dictionary entries (342 total tokens)
/ɑ/
57 (16.7%)
/n/
36 (10.5%)
/ɑ̃/
25 (7.3%)
/r/
18 (5.3%)
/h/
16 (4.7%)
/t/
15 (4.4%)
/s/
15 (4.4%)
/e/
14 (4.1%)
/ɔː/
14 (4.1%)
/z/
13 (3.8%)
/i/
12 (3.5%)
/u/
12 (3.5%)
/j/
11 (3.2%)
/w/
10 (2.9%)
/b/
10 (2.9%)
/l/
9 (2.6%)
/θ/
8 (2.3%)
/k/
7 (2%)
/g/
7 (2%)
/d/
6 (1.8%)
/m/
4 (1.2%)
/ɸ/
4 (1.2%)
/uː/
3 (0.9%)
/ɑː/
3 (0.9%)
/iː/
3 (0.9%)
/ɣ/
3 (0.9%)
/eː/
2 (0.6%)
/ɔ̃/
1 (0.3%)
/ŋ/
1 (0.3%)
/ɔ/
1 (0.3%)