Phonology

Sound inventory and phonological rules

19 consonants
11 vowels

Consonant Inventory

MannerBilabialLabiodentalAlveolarPostalveolarPalatalVelarUvular
Plosive
pb
·
td
·
·
kg
·
Nasal
m
·
n
·
·
·
·
Trill
·
·
r
·
·
·
·
Fricative
·
fv
s
ɕ
·
xɣ
χ
Approximant
·
·
·
·
j
w
·
Lateral approximant
·
·
l
·
·
·
·

Vowel Inventory

HeightFrontCentralBack
Close
i
ɨ
u
Near-close
ɪ
·
ʊ
Close-mid
e
·
o
Mid
ø̞
··
Open-mid
ɛ
··
Open
a
·
ɑ

Syllable Structure

CCVC, CVC, VC, CV, VCCV, CVC

Phoneme Frequency

Distribution of phonemes across 64 transcribed dictionary entries (311 total tokens)

/a/
34 (10.9%)
/i/
28 (9%)
/s/
26 (8.4%)
/n/
22 (7.1%)
/d'/
22 (7.1%)
/t/
21 (6.8%)
/m/
20 (6.4%)
/o/
18 (5.8%)
/ɛ/
14 (4.5%)
/k/
14 (4.5%)
/r/
13 (4.2%)
/io/
10 (3.2%)
/ɕː/
10 (3.2%)
/f/
9 (2.9%)
/l/
9 (2.9%)
/p/
7 (2.3%)
/u/
6 (1.9%)
/ɨɛ/
5 (1.6%)
/v/
5 (1.6%)
/b/
4 (1.3%)
//
4 (1.3%)
/ɑɪ/
3 (1%)
/ɨɑ/
2 (0.6%)
/ɨʊ/
2 (0.6%)
/wi/
2 (0.6%)
/oj/
1 (0.3%)