Phonology
Sound inventory and phonological rules
28 consonants
13 vowels
Consonant Inventory
| Manner | Bilabial | Labiodental | Alveolar | Postalveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | pb | · | td | · | · | kg | q | ʔ | ||||||||
| Nasal | m | · | n | · | ɲ | ŋ | · | · | ||||||||
| Fricative | · | fv | sz | ʃʒ | ç | x | χ | h | ||||||||
| Affricate | · | · | tsdz | · | · | · | · | · | ||||||||
| Approximant | · | · | · | · | j | w | · | · | ||||||||
| Lateral approximant | · | · | l | · | ʎ | · | · | · | ||||||||
Vowel Inventory
| Height | Front | Central | Back |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | iy | · | u |
| Near-close | ɪ | · | ʊ |
| Close-mid | eø | · | o |
| Mid | · | ə | · |
| Open-mid | ɛœ | · | ɔ |
| Open | · | · | ɑ |
Syllable Structure
(C)(C)V(C)(C)Phonological Rules
/p/ → [pʰ] / #_V /t/ → [tʰ] / #_V /k/ → [kʰ] / #_V /p/ → [p̚] / _# /t/ → [t̚] / _# /k/ → [k̚] / _# /b/ → [p] / _# /d/ → [t] / _# /g/ → [k] / _# /s/ → [z] / V_V /z/ → [s] / #_ /ʃ/ → [ʒ] / V_V /ʒ/ → [ʃ] / #_ /x/ → [χ] / V_V /χ/ → [x] / #_ /n/ → [ŋ] / _k /n/ → [ŋ] / _g /n/ → [ɱ] / _f /n/ → [ɱ] / _v /m/ → [ɱ] / _f /m/ → [ɱ] / _v /l/ → [ɫ] / _C /l/ → [ɫ] / _# /r/ → [ɾ] / V_V /r/ → [r] / #_ /ʔ/ → ∅ / V_C /y/ → [i] / _C /y/ → [i] / _# /ø/ → [œ] / _R /ø/ → [ə] / _# /ɑ/ → [a] / _i /ɑ/ → [a] / _e /ɔ/ → [o] / _u /ɔ/ → [o] / _w /V/ → [Ṽ] / _N /N/ → ∅ / V_#