Standard Afixlat — Afixlat

Afixlat /äˈfiklät/ [äˈfiklät]

SVO

Agglutinative-Isolating

Possession: Head-marking (Dependent-marking with pronouns)

Adposition: Dependent-marking

Verb: Head-marking (Dependent-marking with pronouns)

Orthographical animacy inflection (c = inanimate, k = animate), see C vs K

Letters and Sounds:

A - /ä/

B - /b/

C - /k/

D - /d/ ([d] [t])

E - /e/

F - /f/ ([f] [ɸ])

G - /j/ (also serves as a modifier)

H - (not used, otherwise Ø)

I - [i]

J - (not used, otherwise [j], sometimes [ts] [s] [k] or Ø)

K - /k/

L - /l/ ([l] [l̥])

M - /m/

N - /n/ ([n] [n̥] and dependent on the speaker, [ŋ] is a possible allophone)

O - /o/

P - /p/

Q - (not used, otherwise [k])

R - /ɾ/ ([ɾ] [r] [ɾ̥] [r̥]) /i̯/

S - /s/

T - /t/

U - /u/ /w/ /u̯/

V - /v/ ([v] [f] [β ] [ɸ])

W - (not used, otherwise [w] [u̯] or sometimes [v(ː)])

X - /ks/ ([ks] [k])

Y - /ɛ/

Z - (not used, otherwise [s])

AA - /äː/

AG - /ə /

AGR /əi̯/

AR - /äi̯/

AU - /äu̯/

AUR - (/äɨ̯/ or /äʉ̯/ or /äu̯i̯/)

EE - /eː/

ER - /ei̯/

EU - /eu̯/

IG - /ɪ/ /ɪ̯/

IGR - /ɪi̯/

II - /iː/

IIG - /iɪ̯/

IU - /iu̯/

KG - /g/

MM - /mː/

NN - /nː/

OO - /oː/

OR - /oi̯/

OU - /ou̯/

UR - (/ɨ/ or /ʉ/ or /ui̯/ (/ɨ̯/ or /ʉ̯/ /u̯i̯/))

U’U - /uː/

’ - (modifier)

Putting stress on affixed pronouns is typically avoided.

^ over a letter (typically a vowel) means that it is not pronounced (silent). This is typically used in Title Script (Novagd E-Âmika).

´ is put over a stressed syllable that does not follow the stress rules. Very rare. The best example of a commonly used word is “asúr’”, though it does have alternate pronunciations.

` is put over epenthetic vowels, signaling that despite being pronounced, any rules (such as stress rules) should be applied as if it was not there. The best example is an alternate form of the verb “intrnur” being “intàrnur”.

Stress is penultimate and affected by grammatical affixes.

Numbers: Base 10

Numbers have four forms: nominal, cardinal, pronominal/collective, and ordinal. See numbers. Starting from zero…

Nominal:

serum / nulcon

una

duo

tres

catuor

cenco

serx

septo

oxo

nova

daco

The base form of the number itself. “Ler numer una” (The number one), “Sgeinstatgo oxo” (It’s at station eight). People usually don’t inflect for animacy in this form.

Cardinal:

sero / nul / dox (Literally “zero / none / no”, as all are very common)

dua

tri

cytui / kytui

cin / kin

sigx

sypti

nof

dyca / dyka

Used in counting, but only if you directly mention what’s being counted, otherwise use pronominal. Every number other than one takes the plural. “Un kato” (one cat (also means “a cat”)), “sero katos” (zero cats).

Pronominal/Collective:

sera / nul / nulun / nun / dox / doxun / dun

tuo

trer

cata / kata

cern / kern

syx

sip

orx

norv

dagc / dagk

Used like a pronoun (pronominal) and when counting things without directly mentioning what’s being counted. “Kafmul pomes? Evisant un, tuo, trer, kata, de kern” (How many apples? I see one, two, three, four, and five). Also used when talking about a group of something (collective). “Evisant un kernud pomes” (I see a group of five apples), “evisant un unud un pom” (I see a group of one apple). “Un unud un” is often compounded into “un-unud-un” or “unúnudun”, the latter being a little more informal. “Un unud un” is often best translated as “a single”.

Ordinal:

serumagd/serumd / seragd/serd / seragd/serd/nulagd/nuld

unagd/und / unagd/und / unagd/und

duoagd/duod / duaagd/duad / tuoagd/tuod

tresagd/trest / trgagd (also “tàrgagd” or “triagd”)/trid / treragd/trerd

catuoragd/katuoragd/catuord/katuord / cytu’gagd/kytu’gagd (also “cytuiagd/kytuiagd”)/cytt/kytt / catagd/katagd/catt/katt

cencagd/kenkagd/cenct/kenkt / cinagd/kinagd/cind/kind / cernagd/kernagd/cernd/kernd

serxagd/serxt / sigxagd/sigxt / syxagd/syxt

septagd/septt / syptgagd/syptid / sipagd/sipt

oxagd/oxt / oxagd/oxt / orxagd/orxt

novagd/novd / nofagd/noft / norvagd/norvd

dacagd/dakagd/dact/dakt / dycagd/dykagd/dyct/dykt / dagcagd/dagkagd/dagct/dagkt

The ordinal can be combined with any of the prior forms, each combination is present “nominal / cardinal / pronominal”. The versions including “-agd” are formal versions. Ordinals are used when sequencing things. “Ler und pom” (the first apple).

No case and generally no gender system other than in pronouns.

Possession for pronouns works the same as in English, each pronoun having a separate form for their possessive, see pronouns.

Possession with nouns works a little differently. The word “kgut” is used like the English word “of” or Spanish “de” for possession. It is mandatory for nouns and there are no alternate options, whether or not the definite article is used with the first noun is up to the speaker. “(Ler) piski kgut ler kato’” (The cat’s fish)

Determiners:

Articles:

Definite: ler /lei̯/ [lei̯] (uncommonly contracted to “l’-” /l/ informally)

Indefinite: un /un/ [un]

Negative: dox /doks/ [doks] (Informal “do’” /do/ [do])

Zero: Used for plurals and mass nouns like in English.

Demonstratives:

Distal: ib /ib/ [ib]

Proximal: oc / ok /ok/ [ok]

Possessive: See pronouns.