Phonology

Sound inventory and phonological rules

22 consonants
7 vowels

Consonant Inventory

MannerBilabialLabiodentalDentalAlveolarPostalveolarPalatalVelarUvularGlottal
Plosive
b
·
·
td
·
c
g
q
·
Nasal
m
·
·
n
·
·
ŋ
·
·
Tap/Flap
·
·
·
ɺ
·
·
·
·
·
Fricative
ɸ
v
θ
sz
ʃʒ
·
x
·
hɦ
Lateral fricative
·
·
·
ɬ
·
·
·
·
·
Approximant
·
·
·
·
·
j
·
·
·

Vowel Inventory

HeightFrontCentralBack
Close
i
ʉ
·
Close-mid
e
·
ɤo
Open-mid·
ɜ
·
Open
a
··

Syllable Structure

(C)V(C)(C)

Phonological Rules

/s/ -> [s] / V_i
/s/ -> [h] / V_V
/ds/ -> [sː]
/n/ -> [ŋ] / _k

Phoneme Frequency

Distribution of phonemes across 358 transcribed dictionary entries (1,941 total tokens)

/a/
292 (15%)
/ʉ/
198 (10.2%)
/ɜ/
132 (6.8%)
/ɺ/
129 (6.6%)
/o/
120 (6.2%)
/i/
117 (6%)
/t/
100 (5.2%)
/c/
94 (4.8%)
/n/
83 (4.3%)
/ɬ/
73 (3.8%)
/m/
70 (3.6%)
/q/
68 (3.5%)
/ɸ/
63 (3.2%)
/v/
61 (3.1%)
/s/
47 (2.4%)
/d/
44 (2.3%)
/θ/
42 (2.2%)
/x/
30 (1.5%)
/j/
29 (1.5%)
/ɤ/
29 (1.5%)
/z/
27 (1.4%)
/e/
26 (1.3%)
/ɦ/
25 (1.3%)
/ʃ/
21 (1.1%)
/ʒ/
21 (1.1%)