Nouns

Nouns have 3 cases: Nominative-accusative (subject/object of a sentence), genitive (ownership) and dative (indirect object).

There are no articles whatsoever.

Nouns are gendered.

Male nouns end in -o, e.g: walpo 'wolf' (can also mean fox).

Female nouns end in -a, e.g: pikla 'wheel'

Neutral nouns end in 1. -e or 2. a consonant, e.g: warme 'ear', boks 'eye'

Full paradigm explanation:

M. s.: nom: walpo 'wolf', gen: walpon 'of wolf', dat: walpos 'to wolf'

M.p.: nom: walpu 'wolves', gen: walpun 'of wolves', dat: walpus 'to wolves'

F.s.: nom: pikla 'wheel', gen: piklan 'of wheel', dat: piklas 'to (a) wheel'

F.p.: nom: piklay 'wheels', gen: piklayn 'of wheels', dat: piklays 'to wheels'

N.s.: nom: warme 'worm', boks 'eye'; gen: warmen 'of worm', boksen 'of eye'; dat: warmes 'to worm', bokses 'to eye'

N.p.: nom: warmey 'worms', boksi 'eyes'; gen: warmeyn 'of worms', boksin 'of eyes'; dat: warmeys 'to worms', boksis 'to eyes'

Compound Nouns

compound nouns can be formed from 2 nouns.

navodumo cloud + home > 'heaven'

their plurals only have the second one pluralised

navodomu cloud + homes > 'heavens'

they can be formed from an adjective and a noun.

kilokans: yellow + stone > 'gold ingot'

the noun gets pluralised in the plural form

kilokansi: yellow + stones > 'gold (pl)'

two adjectives:

(the two truths)

wasowiro 'truth that gives positive feeling'

težowiro 'truth that hurts'

both of them get pluralised!

wasiwiri, težiwiri

adjectives formed from nouns

1. grab a noun

walpo 'wolf'

2. append its root

walp-

3. add suffix -ušo

walpušo 'cunning (like a fox)'

nouns formed by adjectives

grab an adjective's male form

inžo 'hot'

append its root

inž-

add suffix -yuso or -uso

inžuso 'heat'

verbs formed by nouns

grab a noun

inžuso 'heat'

append its root

inžus-

and add suffix -ete

inžusete 'to heat up'