Morphological patterns, declensions, and conjugations for Dulukian
| Meaning | Grammatical role | Example | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ut | Above | postpositional particle | Una halu ut okta - "the person above the rock" |
| Pa | Below/Under | postpositional particle | — |
| Ta | Inside/In | postpositional particle | (also doubles as the passive verb-prefix, disambiguated by position) |
| Ḫa | To (recipient/dative) | postpositional particle | Una halu marad mashi ḫa una halu - "the man gives water to the person" |
| Ne | Of (possesion, general) | postpositional particle | Tarram Ne Nashpar Duluk - "King of Kingdom Duluk" |
| Ka | With | postpositional particle |
| Ka Lappum Nea - "with my soldiers" |
| Nokrat | Against | postpositional particle | Ūtalat Nokrat Appilesh - "marched against Appilesh" |
| Nippat | Before/In front of (submission) | postpositional particle | Kappun Nippat Atsu - "kneel before me" |
| Nassu | Like/As (comparison) | particle | Ūvushtat Nassu Tarram - "ruled like a king" |
| Tanni | Through | postpositional particle | Ūninu Tanni Katarru - "came through the mountains" |
| Ba | But | conjunction | — |
| Ma | And | conjunction | (also doubles as the active verb-prefix, disambiguated by position) |
| Sha | If | conjunction | (also doubles as the causative verb-prefix, disambiguated by position) |
| Ittu | Because | conjunction | — |
| Itta | Then | conjunction/adverb | — |
| Ittar | After | conjunction | — |
| Ittush | Before (temporal) | conjunction | — |
| Ittuki | Repeatedly | adverb | — |
| Ittom | Again | adverb | — |
| Nitu | While | conjunction | — |
| Nishtu | When (narrative, "as/while") | conjunction | — |
| Ash | Not | negation particle | — |
| Nikat | Instead | conjunction/adverb | — |
| Ik | Command/imperative marker | sentence-initial particle | Ik Ash Lappat... - "[IK] Do not be hostile..." |
| Subject | Possessive | |
|---|---|---|
| I | Atsu | Nea (mine) |
| You (masc.) | Atsum | Nem (yours) |
| You (fem.) | Atsish | Nem |
| He (3rd sg.) | Mi | Mo (his) |
| She (3rd sg.) | Mi | Ma (hers) |
| We | Atshe | Me (ours) |
| They | Atshi | Nev (theirs) |
| (general/nominal) | — | Ne (of) |
| Past | Present | Future | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Base / Unmarked | Ū + [root] | [root] | Nemsu [root] |
| Active Voice | Ū+ma+[root] | Ma+[root] | Nemsu Ma+[root] |
| Passive Voice | Ū+ta+[root] | Ta+[root] | Nemsu Ta+[root] |
| Causative Voice | Ū+sha+[root] | Sha+[root] | Nemsu Sha+[root] |