Phonology
1 min read · 132 words
Phonology
Vowels
Kuma has a 10-vowel system with a five-way quality distinction and phonemic length contrast:
Short Vowels
i [i]
e [e]
a [a]
o [o]
u [u]
Long Vowels
ii [iː]
ee [eː]
aa [aː]
oo [oː]
uu [uː]
Consonants
Kuma has 22 consonant phonemes:
| Type | Labial | Alveolar | Postalveolar | Velar | Glottal |
|------------|--------|----------|--------------|-------|---------|
| Plosive | p, b | t, d | | k, g | |
| Nasal | m | n | | | |
| Fricative | f | s | sh [ʃ] | x [x]| h |
| Affricate | | ts | ch [tʃ], j [dʒ] | | |
| Liquid | | l, r | | | |
| Glide | w | | y [j] | | |