Ezafe

The ezafe (from Persian ezāfe) is a grammatical particle used to link words in a noun phrase. It is a hallmark of Iranian languages and has been adopted into Penthik, serving two mai syntactic functions: possession (linking a possessor to a possessed item), and specification (linking a noun to a prepositional phrase or clause).

The ezafe is unstressed and is written as a suffix attached to the head noun. It takes two forms:

• -е used after consonants (дом + е → доме)

• -је used after vowels (курси + је → курсије)

Do not confuse the ezafe with a simple genitive case. The ezafe is a linking particle, not a case ending, and is applied to the noun as it is in its specific case.

The genitive case is maintained only for personal pronouns and some formal expressions (such as when translating jargon derived from Latin or Greek).