Phonology

Sound inventory and phonological rules

13 consonants
5 vowels

Consonant Inventory

MannerBilabialAlveolarPostalveolarVelarUvularGlottal
Plosive
b
td
·
k
q
·
Nasal
m
n
·
·
·
·
Fricative
·
s
·
·
·
h
Affricate
·
·
dʒ
·
·
·
Approximant
·
ɹ
·
w
·
·
Lateral approximant
·
l
·
·
·
·

Vowel Inventory

HeightFrontCentralBack
Close··
u
Open-mid
ɛ
·
ɔ
Open
a
ä
·

Syllable Structure

(C)V(V)(C)

Phonological Rules

q → q / _
r → ɹ / _
a → ä / _
ā → äː / _
e → ɛ / _
ē → ɛː / _
o → ɔ / _
ō → ɔː / _
u → u / _
ū → uː / _
uu → uːuː / _

Phoneme Frequency

Distribution of phonemes across 484 transcribed dictionary entries (2,281 total tokens)

/n/
342 (15%)
/ɛ/
276 (12.1%)
/ɹ/
240 (10.5%)
/h/
215 (9.4%)
/t/
175 (7.7%)
/d/
165 (7.2%)
/m/
151 (6.6%)
/k/
144 (6.3%)
/l/
133 (5.8%)
/ɔ/
120 (5.3%)
/b/
103 (4.5%)
/u/
100 (4.4%)
/q/
79 (3.5%)
/s/
17 (0.7%)
/äː/
11 (0.5%)
/dʒ/
5 (0.2%)
/uː/
4 (0.2%)
/w/
1 (0%)