Paradigm Tables
Morphological patterns, declensions, and conjugations for Taltal taxem
Adjective and Adverb suffixes
| Suffix (standard) | Suffix (alternative) | Places where the alternative form is used | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Positive (plane) | -är | -jär | When the modifier ends in: a, ä or e |
| Norm Positive (Normaly) | -mejär | -nejär | When the modifier ends in: m |
| Strong Positive (Very) | -täfär | -gäfär | When the modifier ends in: t |
| Emphasised strong Positive (super) | -täftäfär | -gäftäfär | When the modifier ends in: t |
| Hyperbolic strong Positive (extremely) | -fu*täfjär | * | — |
| Very weak comparative Positive | -ululär | -jululär | When the modifier ends in: ä, i, e or u |
| Weak comparative Positive | -ulär | -julär | When the modifier ends in: ä, i, e or u |
| Comparative Positive | -bulär | -tulär | When the modifier ends in: b |
| Strong comparative Positive | -bulbulär | -tulbulär | When the modifier ends in: b |
| Superlative Positive | -tulmär | -bulmär | When the modifier ends in: t |
| Strong superlative Positive | -tulmtulmär | -bulmtulmär | When the modifier ends in: t |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Weak Positive | -genär | -benär | When the modifier ends in: g |
| Emphasised weak Positive | -gengenär | -bengenär | When the modifier ends in: g |
| Hyperbolic weak Positive | -fu*genfjär | * | — |
| Very weak comperative Negative | -ununär | -jununär | When the modifier ends in: ä, i, e, or u |
| Weak comperative Negative | -unär | -junär | When the modifier ends in: ä, i, e, or u |
| Comperative Negative | -funär | -zunär | When the modifier ends in: f |
| Strong comperative Negative | -funfunär | -zunfunär | When the modifier ends in: f |
| Superlative Negative | -zmunär | -munär | When the modifier ends in: z |
| Strong superlative Negative | -zmunzmunär | -munzmunär | When the modifier ends in: z |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Approximative Positive | -ärlim | -järlim | When the modifier ends in: a, ä or e |
Diphthongs
| /i/ | /u/ | |
|---|---|---|
| /i/ | — | — |
| /u/ | /ui̯/ | — |
| /ə/ | /əi̯ / | — |
| /ɛ/ | /ɛi̯/ | /ɛu̯/ |
| /a/ | /ai̯/ | /au̯/ |
Vowle inventory
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| High | /i/ | — | /u/ |
| Mid | — | /ə/ | — |
| Low-mid | /ɛ/ | — | — |
| Low | /a/ | — | — |
Consonant inventory 2
| Labial-velar | |
|---|---|
| Approximant | /w/ |
Consonant inventory
Voicing is not phonemic and not marked in orthography
| Bilabial | Labiodental | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | /m/ | - | /n/ | - | - |
| Stop | /b/ | - | /t/ | - | /g/ |
| Fricative | - | /f/ | /z/ | - | /x/ |
| Approximant | - | - | - | /j/ | - |
| Trill | - | - | /r/ | - | - |
| Lateral approximant | - | - | /l/ | - | - |
Optional Gender Suffix
Using thous suffixes on verbs strongly emphasizes the gender of the subject.
Example: "mixtizimä" would sound like "I, as a woman, think"
| Suffix | |
|---|---|
| Man | -gi |
| Woman | -mä |
| Non-binary | -fa |
Verb conjugation (tense)
| Verb Infix (standart) | Verb Infix (alternative) | Places where the alternative form is used | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Present | -∅- | — | — |
| Past | -ta- | -ga- | When the verb ends in: t |
| Past of the Past | -tata- | -gata- | When the verb ends in: t |
| Distent Past | -tajäf- | -gäjäf- | When the verb ends in: t |
| Past perfect | -taget- | -gaget- | When the verb ends in: t |
| Past of the Futur | -räta- | -läta- | When the verb ends in: r or x |
| Future | -rä- | -lä- | When the verb ends in: r or x |
| Future of the Future | -rärä- | -lärä- | When the verb ends in: r or x |
| Distant Future | -rätäf- | -lätäf- | When the verb ends in: r or x |
| Future of the Past | -tarä- | -garä- | When the verb ends in: t |
Verb conjugation (subject)
| Corresponding Pronoun | Verb suffix (standart) | Verb suffix (alternative) | Places where the alternative form is used | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1SG | la | -i | -zi | When the verb ends in: i |
| 2SG | mam | -ima | -zima | When the verb ends in: i |
| 3SG.Animate | gwat | -it | -zit | When the verb ends in: i |
| 3SG.Inanimate | gwar | -ir | -zir | When the verb ends in: i |
| 3SG.Neither | gwal | -il | -zil | When the verb ends in: i |
| 1PL.Inclusive | mala | -imal | -zimal | When the verb ends in: i |
| 1PL.Exclusive | gatla | -iwat | -ziwat | When the verb ends in: i |
| 2PL | mafe | -imaf | -zimaf | When the verb ends in: i |
| 3PL.Animate | gwatfe | -itfe | -zitfe | When the verb ends in: i |
| 3PL.Inanimate | gwarfe | -irfe | -zirfe | When the verb ends in: i |
| 3PL.Neither | gwalfe | -ilfe | -zilfe | When the verb ends in: i |
| Unknow person | netax, itaxnat | -if | -zif | When the verb ends in: i |
| Infinitive | — | -imf | -zimf | When the verb ends in: i |