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1MadJack1September 13, 2026155 words

Too lazy to write up some actual grammatical rules so have these instead in the meanwhile:

“the father begets the son”

Ya-banun ul-abu ul-ngana

beget/3SG.ANIM DEF-father-NOM.ANIM.SG DEF-son-ACC.ANIM.SG

“does the father beget the son?”

Muya-banun ul-abu ul-ngana?

INTERR-beget/3SG.ANIM DEF-father-NOM.ANIM.SG DEF-son-ACC.ANIM.SG

“what begets the son?”

Mu’imu ta-banun ul-ngana?

INTERR-NOM.INAN.SG beget/3SG.INAN DEF-son-ACC.ANIM.SG

“what does the father beget?”

Mu’ima ya-banun ul-abu?

INTERR-ACC.INAN.SG beget/3SG.ANIM DEF-father-NOM.ANIM.SG

“what does what beget?”

Mu’imu ta-banun mu’ima?

INTERR-NOM.INAN.SG beget/3SG.INAN INTERR-ACC.INAN.SG

“The mother [who bears the child] is good."

Sikwya-bbayul ul-imu ul-tsi’a sangag.

PROX-bear/3SG.ANIM DEF-mother-NOM.ANIM.SG DEF-child-ACC.ANIM.SG good/NMLZ

“The child [whom the mother bears] is small.”

Sikwya-bbayul ul-tsi’u ul-ima tsul.

PROX-bear/3SG.ANIM DEF-child-NOM.ANIM.SG DEF-mother-ACC.ANIM.SG small

“The father knows [that the woman bears the child].”

Ya-’arur ul-abu nadima ya-bbayul ul-bba’u ul-tsi’a.

know/3SG.ANIM DEF-father-NOM.ANIM.SG DIST-ACC.INAN.SG bear/3SG.ANIM DEF-woman-NOM.ANIM.SG DEF-child-ACC.ANIM.SG

“The child gets born [because the mother bears them].”

Yan-bbayul ul-tsi’u ufya-bbayul ul-imu si’a.

bear/PASS.3SG.ANIM DEF-child-NOM.ANIM.SG CAUS-bear/3SG.ANIM DEF-mother-NOM.ANIM.SG 3SG.ANIM-ACC.ANIM.SG

“The man in the city”

ul-adusis-waxaru

DEF-city-LOC-man-NOM.ANIM.SG

“The plot against him/her”

ul-ngudat-su-sakan

DEF-oppose\3SG.INAN.STAT-3SG.ANIM-plot\NMLZ