Phonology
Sound inventory and phonological rules
18 consonants
3 vowels
Consonant Inventory
| Manner | Bilabial | Alveolar | Postalveolar | Palatal | Velar | Pharyngeal | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | b | td | · | · | kɡ | ʡ | ||||||
| Nasal | m | n | · | · | · | · | ||||||
| Trill | · | r | · | · | · | · | ||||||
| Fricative | · | s | ʃ | · | ɣ | ħ | ||||||
| Affricate | · | · | tʃdʒ | · | · | · | ||||||
| Approximant | · | · | · | j | w | · | ||||||
| Lateral approximant | · | l | · | · | · | · | ||||||
Vowel Inventory
| Height | Front | Central | Back |
|---|---|---|---|
| Near-close | ɪ | · | ʊ |
| Open | · | · | ɑ |
Syllable Structure
CCVCPhonological Rules
/V/ -> [+pharyngeal]/{ q, ḥ, e, ṛ }
/Ø/ -> w / u _ V
/Ø/ -> j / i _ V
σ_max = CCVCPhoneme Frequency
Distribution of phonemes across 331 transcribed dictionary entries (996 total tokens)
/ɑː/
189 (19%)
/k/
87 (8.7%)
/m/
72 (7.2%)
/s/
61 (6.1%)
/l/
61 (6.1%)
/g/
59 (5.9%)
/ks/
59 (5.9%)
/w/
58 (5.8%)
/n/
57 (5.7%)
/ħ/
51 (5.1%)
/b/
50 (5%)
/d/
49 (4.9%)
/j/
33 (3.3%)
/i/
27 (2.7%)
/kʰ/
22 (2.2%)
/̙/
19 (1.9%)
/u/
17 (1.7%)
/ʡ/
9 (0.9%)
/kʷ/
8 (0.8%)
/ʈ/
5 (0.5%)
/ʧ/
1 (0.1%)
/e/
1 (0.1%)
/ɾ/
1 (0.1%)