Phonology
Sound inventory and phonological rules
33 consonants
9 vowels
Consonant Inventory
| Manner | Bilabial | Labiodental | Dental | Alveolar | Postalveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | pb | · | · | td | · | ɟ | kg | qɢ | ʔ | |||||||||
| Nasal | m | · | · | n | · | · | ŋ | · | · | |||||||||
| Trill | · | · | · | r | · | · | · | ʀ | · | |||||||||
| Fricative | · | fv | θð | sz | ɕʑ | · | · | χʁ | hɦ | |||||||||
| Lateral fricative | · | · | · | ɬɮ | · | · | · | · | · | |||||||||
| Approximant | · | ʋ | · | · | · | j | ɰ | · | · | |||||||||
| Lateral approximant | · | · | · | l | · | · | · | · | · | |||||||||
Vowel Inventory
| Height | Front | Central | Back |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | iy | · | ɯu |
| Open-mid | · | · | ʌɔ |
| Near-open | · | ɐ | · |
| Open | aɶ | · | · |
Syllable Structure
(C)(C)(C)V(C)(C)(C)Phonological Rules
/p,b/ → [ʋ̥,ʋ]/[p,b]_ /t,d/ → [ʋ̥,ʋ]/[t,d]_ /c,ɟ/ → [ɰ̊,ɰ]/[c,ɟ]_ /k,g/ → [ɰ̊,ɰ]/[k,g]_ /q,ɢ/ → [ɰ̊,ɰ]/[q,ɢ]_ ∅ → [f/v]/C[ʋ̥/ʋ]$_V /s,ʃ,ɕ/ → [h]/_[r̥] /ɕ/→[ʃ]/_V[+front] /ʑ/→[ʒ]/_V[+front] V → [V̥]/_[r̥,ʀ̥] C[+voice, -sonorant] → C[-voice]/V̥ _ [ɐ.ʔɐ] → [ɐː] /n, ŋ/ → [m]/_C[+labial] /m, ŋ/ → [n]/_C[+coronal] /m, n/ → [ŋ]/_C[+dorsal] /l/ → [ɰ]/ _C[+trill], [+nasal]
Phoneme Frequency
Distribution of phonemes across 148 transcribed dictionary entries (912 total tokens)
/ɐ/
199 (21.8%)
/ʔ/
74 (8.1%)
/n/
53 (5.8%)
/r/
50 (5.5%)
/d/
48 (5.3%)
/a/
34 (3.7%)
/i/
34 (3.7%)
/v/
32 (3.5%)
/y/
32 (3.5%)
/z/
29 (3.2%)
/t/
27 (3%)
/ɦ/
23 (2.5%)
/l/
23 (2.5%)
/ɶ/
22 (2.4%)
/ɔ/
21 (2.3%)
/g/
17 (1.9%)
/b/
16 (1.8%)
/s/
15 (1.6%)
/p/
14 (1.5%)
/ɢ/
14 (1.5%)
/q/
12 (1.3%)
/k/
12 (1.3%)
/m/
12 (1.3%)
/h/
10 (1.1%)
/u/
9 (1%)
/f/
9 (1%)
/ʌ/
7 (0.8%)
/r̥/
7 (0.8%)
/j/
7 (0.8%)
/θ/
6 (0.7%)