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Verb declension

1 min read · 209 words

There are 4 tenses: present, past, future perfective and future imperfective.

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The past tense was developed from a present perfect tense, which is implied by adding the perfect suffix -k, and was later reanalyzed as the simple past.

For Example:

lég-é
go-1SG
skola-ró
school-lative

‘i go to school’

turns into:

lég-é-k
go-1SG(.PRS)-PRF>PST
skola-ró
school-LAT

‘i have gone to school -> i went to school’

The future was created by changing the conjugated vowel ending into ü/u (determined by vowel harmony), which forms the Future Imperfective, then -k was added to create the Future Perfective.

Moods:

  • Realis: Indicative, things that actually happen, or will happen (habits, facts)

  • Irrealis: Subjunctive, Interrogative and Imperative, hypotheticals or hopes that aren´t sure of happening

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    • Interogative: -n for present and future imperfective, -nk instead of -k for past and future perfective. It is added agglutinatively after the irrealis conjugation. Interrogative itself is a Yes-no question. With Question words, Interrogative should be used to form questions, as with Realis mood it would only be a indefinite pronoun

    • Imperative: Direct command or jussive, a suggestion or advice.

      • -á: 1sg

      • -ász: 2sg

      • -a: 3sg

      • -ám: 1pl

      • -ác: 2pl

      • -já: 3pl

Directions:

a prefix is added to the verb to make the meaning more explicit.

légel "go" → relégel "arrive".

postpositions can tell the direction of the verb

métel "see" → métel ig "look outside", which is different from gemétel "