Derivation

Verb Derivation

Passive 

In addition to the mediopassive prefix used in semantic context, there exists an old passive suffix -run, -raitho, -rho. In earlier stages of the language, this suffix was used predominantly in the formation of passives, but after the development of the mediopassive prefix, the suffix was reduced to a derivational affix. It is derived from the suffix *-rox.

Causative

The causative is marked with the suffix -úrun, -oraitho, -ústhè. The causative increases the valency of a noun through adding a subject which causes the action.  It is derived from the suffix *-xorsi.

Intensive

The intensive is a rarely used suffix, and some grammarians consider it unproductive. Marked with the suffix -(o)no, -(o)naitho, -do, which is derived from the suffix *-on, the suffix has the effect of intensifying the action.

Inchoative

Not to be confused with the inchoative tense, which does roughly the same thing, the inchoative suffix -ialhun, -ialhaitho, -ialho which derives from *-yaltu, the inchoative describes the verb as being started.

Noun Derivation

Augmentative

The augmentative is marked with the suffix -vè, -yv, -vo, which is derived from the suffix *-waah. It communicates the noun as being large or great.

Affectionate Diminutive

The affectionate diminutive is marked with the suffix -aidhè, -aidh, -aidho, which comes from the word *aheⁿdaw It has the effect of communicating the noun as being small, cute, or beloved.

Objective Diminutive

Marked with the suffix -ýthè, ýth, ýtho, the objective diminutive encompasses many of the uses of the affectionate diminutive, but without the affectionate semantic meaning. As compared to the affectionate diminutive, the objective diminutive has a neutral or even pejorative sense, especially when used with nouns referring to animate things.

Instrumental

The instrumental is a nominalizing suffix that turns a verb into a noun that communicates the tool used to perform the action. It is marked with the suffix -inè, derived from the suffix -ihon. 

Associative Plural

The associative plural is formed with the suffix -gnui, derived from the noun gnui, y ghnuir, meaning ‘family’. The suffix derives nouns associated with the original noun.

Substantive

The substantive is marked with the suffix -fylè, derived from the noun ofylè, ofylir ‘lumber’. The substantive is used usually with adjectives or nouns to derive abstract nouns referring to the quality of that adjective.

Meronymic

The meronymic is marked with the suffix -eam, derived from the word eam, eamýr ‘fruit’. The suffix derives adjectives pertaining to the nouns from which they are derived. It is used commonly in names.