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Predicate Logic & Copula Usage

1 min read · 148 words

Interstellar Standard strictly separates identity equatives from actions and descriptive states, rejecting English-style pseudo-linking adjectives.

The Equative Copula (a)

The root a functions exclusively as an identity equals sign between two distinct nouns. It cannot be used to link adjectives or states to a subject.

Equative Example

lu a nem mum

2 be person good

You are a friend

Transitive Sensory Roots

Sensory verbs (hi / see, win/ hear, num/ touch) are strictly maintained as active transitive actions or labile shifts. They never function as passive state-linkers.

Sensory Root

Primary Function

Active Transitive Example

Labile / State Shift

hi

Sight / Perception

nga hi kum (I see the ship)

kum hi (The ship is visible)

win

Auditory Perception

nga win ting (I hear the machine)

ting win (The machine makes a sound)

num

Tactile Touch / Feel

nga num ti (I touch the water)

lu num gim (You experience physical sickness)