Phonology
Sound inventory and phonological rules
21 consonants
8 vowels
Consonant Inventory
| Manner | Bilabial | Labiodental | Alveolar | Postalveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | pb | · | td | · | · | kg | · | · | ||||||||
| Nasal | m | · | n | · | · | · | · | · | ||||||||
| Trill | · | · | r | · | · | · | · | · | ||||||||
| Fricative | · | fv | sz | ɕʒ | · | · | χ | h | ||||||||
| Affricate | · | · | · | dʒ | · | · | · | · | ||||||||
| Approximant | · | · | · | · | j | · | · | · | ||||||||
| Lateral approximant | · | · | l | · | · | · | · | · | ||||||||
Vowel Inventory
| Height | Front | Central | Back |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | · | ɯu |
| Close-mid | e | · | o |
| Mid | · | ə | · |
| Open | a | · | ɑ |
Syllable Structure
CVC. VCV.Phonological Rules
dž → ʤ aa → ɑ
Phoneme Frequency
Distribution of phonemes across 701 transcribed dictionary entries (4,088 total tokens)
/a/
534 (13.1%)
/r/
349 (8.5%)
/u/
281 (6.9%)
/n/
271 (6.6%)
/o/
257 (6.3%)
/l/
253 (6.2%)
/ə/
221 (5.4%)
/t/
207 (5.1%)
/f/
201 (4.9%)
/i/
198 (4.8%)
/k/
176 (4.3%)
/s/
161 (3.9%)
/e/
134 (3.3%)
/p/
110 (2.7%)
/ʃ/
104 (2.5%)
/d/
101 (2.5%)
/m/
99 (2.4%)
/z/
98 (2.4%)
/v/
82 (2%)
/ʒ/
53 (1.3%)
/b/
52 (1.3%)
/h/
40 (1%)
/ɕ/
35 (0.9%)
/g/
34 (0.8%)
/ɯ/
19 (0.5%)
/j/
10 (0.2%)
/χ/
8 (0.2%)