Conjugation paradigm of a regular verb
3 min read · 635 words
## Conjugation paradigm of a regular verb
To facilitate learning and serve as a quick reference, the following table presents the complete conjugation paradigm of the regular motion verb bed (to go) in NLS across all simple and compound active tenses, using the mandatory subject pronoun mut (I):
| Tense / Mood | Construction | Example Conjugation |
|--------------|--------------|---------------------|
| Simple Tenses | | |
| Present | root + -a | mut beda = I go |
| Imperfect | root + -at | mut bedat = I was going / used to go |
| Remote Past | root + -ate | mut bedate = I went |
| Future | skul + root | mut skul bed = I will go |
| Conditional | root + -ke | mut bedke = I would go |
| Gerund | root + -mu | bedmu = going |
| Past Participle | root + -ur | bedur = gone |
| Compound Tenses | (with active auxiliary ar = to have) | |
| Present Perfect | ar(present) + bedur | mut ara bedur = I have gone |
| Past Perfect | ar(imperfect) + bedur | mut arat bedur = I had gone |
| Preterite Perfect | ar(remote past) + bedur | mut arate bedur = I had gone (literary) |
| Conditional Perfect | ar(conditional) + bedur | mut arke bedur = I would have gone |
| Future Perfect | skul + subj. + ar + bedur | skul mut ar bedur = I will have gone |
## Word order and multiple complements
The fundamental syntactic structure of NLS follows the rigid SVO (Subject-Verb-Object) order. When multiple circumstantial complements (place, manner, time) appear in a sentence, to guarantee maximum logical precision and avoid arbitrary influences from other languages, the standard natural order follows the fixed sequence Place → Manner → Time (PMT):
> Rule: Subject + Verb + (Object) + Place + Manner + Time
Example:
- Mut vorga zuk arrue-ne davoj idao = "I work well at home today"
(Subject: mut | Verb: vorga | Place: zuk arrue-ne | Manner: davoj | Time: idao).
## Subordinate and relative clauses
Subordinating conjunctions (*stink* because, taro when, vik if) introduce the subordinate clause after the main clause, keeping SVO order inside it:
>Rule: main clause + conjunction + subject + verb (+ complements)
Example: Mut nep gara, stink mut nep meku = "I don't eat because I'm not hungry".
The relative pronoun is universative and invariable ***ko*** (that, which, who, whom, which), which is placed immediately after the noun it refers to. Depending on the syntactic role that the pronoun plays within the relative subordinate clause, two structures are distinguished:
1. The relative pronoun acts as Subject:
In this case, the relative pronoun is followed directly by the verb of the relative subordinate clause:
> Rule: noun + ko + verb (+ complements)
Example: darcone ko beda ut krek = "the son who goes to school".
2. The relative pronoun acts as Direct Object:
When the relative pronoun plays the role of object within the subordinate clause, it precedes the subject of the relative clause. The structure maintains its linearity and the relative pronoun remains completely unchanged:
> Rule: noun + ko + subject + verb
Example: bros-ne ko mut skriba ela belu = "the book that I write is beautiful".
As seen in this second example, the relative pronoun ko remains unchanged in its form and precedes the subject of the relative (*mut*) and the verb (*skriba*), keeping the syntactic linearity of the language and showing the absolute stability of the pronoun.
Coordinating conjunctions (*da* and, sa but, okki or) join two full clauses the same way, in a medial position.