Demonstrative pronouns

Demonstrative pronouns in LPQR

Demonstrative pronouns:

• etot (this) - for masculine animate objects.
  
  

• eta (this) - for animate objects of the feminine gender.
  
  

• eto (this) - for inanimate objects.
  
  

• eti (these) - for the plural.
  
  

Features of use:

• Definiteness: If we are talking about a specific person or object (for example, previously mentioned or visible to the interlocutors at the time of the conversation), the noun should be used together with a demonstrative pronoun or with the possessive form of a personal pronoun (the possessive form will be discussed in the next topic).
  
  

• Role of the article: Demonstrative pronouns in LPQR play a role similar to the definite article in a number of other languages. For example, “etot učitelj” or “eto kniga” refer to a specific teacher or a specific book, rather than to any teacher or book in general.
  
  

Example sentences:

• Etot učitelj mnogo govorǐt. (This teacher (man) talks a lot.)
  
  

• Eta učitelj horošo učit. (This teacher (woman) teaches well.)
  
  

• Eto kniga interesjen. (This book is interesting).
  
  

• Eto okno otkrǐt. (This window is open)
  
  

• Eti učiteli mnogo znat. (These teachers know a lot)
  
  

• Eti studentǐ uchitsja v universitet. (These students study at the university)
  
  

Resume

The demonstrative pronouns “etot”, „eta” ,”eto” and “eti” in LPQR are used to specify and refer to specific objects or people, making them functionally similar to the definite articles in other languages.

• eti (these) - for the plural.

Demonstrative pronouns with the stem "t-" (t-pronomenǐ)

• tot - for masculine animate objects.
  
  

• ta — for feminine animate objects.
  
  

• to — for inanimate objects.
  
  

• ti - for plural.
  
  

Examples:

• Tot učitelj mnogo govorǐt. (That teacher (man) talks a lot)
  
  

• Ta učitelj horošo učit. (That teacher (woman) teaches well)
  
  

• To kniga interesjen. (That book is interesting.)
  
  

• Ti učiteli mnogo znat. (Those teachers know a lot)
  uhjn

Examples indicating distance:

• Etot učitelj mnogo govorǐt, a tot učitelj molčǐt.
  
  

  • (This teacher (man) talks a lot, but that teacher (man) is silent.)
    
    

• Eta učitelj horošo učit, no ta učitelj horošeje

  • (This teacher (woman) teaches well, but that teacher (woman) is better.)

• Eto kniga interesjen, no to kniga interesnjeje.

  • (This book is interesting, but that book is more interesting.)
    
    

• Eti studentǐ uchitsja v universitet, no ti studentǐ rabotat.

  • (These students study at the university, but those students work.)
    
    

Demonstrative pronouns with the stem "t-" can be used in the main clause of a complex sentence to refer to the object described in the subordinate clause.

Ja budjet podaritj dlja tjebje to, čto tǐ budjet pomnitj vjesj žiznj - I will give you something you will remember for the rest of your life.

Eto tot, o kovo ja govoril dlja tjebje - This is the person I told you about.

On sdjelal to, o čjevo ja mogti toljko mječtatj - He did what I could only dream of