Nouns
2 min read · 325 words
Definition and questions:
Nouns denote objects and answer the questions "kto?" (who?) and "čto?" (what?).
Nouns are divided into two types: animate and inanimate:
kto-substantivǐ (animate)
čto-substantivǐ (inanimate)
Absence of cases
In LPQR, nouns do not change by case. The corresponding meanings are conveyed by word order and prepositions.
Formation of plurals of nouns in LPQR language
General rules:
Plural nouns always end in i or ǐ.
Examples:
jajco → jajcǐ
okno → oknǐ
morje → mori
Words ending in j, ja, je, jo end in i in the plural.
Examples:
dverj → dveri
pesnja → pesni
Words ending in a, o, u most often end in ǐ in the plural.
Examples:
kartina → kartinǐ
okno → oknǐ
Words ending in a consonant take the ending ǐ in the plural.
Examples:
stol → stolǐ
glaz → glazǐ
numer → numerǐ
Special cases:
After the letters g, h, k in the plural, i is always written.
Example:
noga → nogi
Words ending in i or ǐ do not change in the plural.
Examples:
časǐ → časǐ
očki → očki
taxi → taxi
Special case:
čjelovjek → ĺjudi
The plural form čjeloveki also exists.
The word „ljudj“ and the word „homo“ with the plural „homǐ“ are also used.
Soft spelling norm:
The soft norm allows replacing the letter ǐ with i.
Example:
stolǐ → stoli
oknǐ - okni
Names of substances:
Words denoting names of substances do not have a plural.
Examples:
ugolj, ċarbo (coal)
ljod (ice)
tkanj (fabric)
Translations:
coals → vidǐ u ugolj, vidǐ u ċarbo
ice (types of ice → vidǐ u ljod
fabrics → vidǐ u tkanj
Fluent vowels:
In words ending in "-ok", "-ek", "-ec", the final vowels "e" and "o" disappear when forming the plural.
Examples:
kusok → kuski
stanok → stanki
otec → otcǐ
bojec → bojcǐ
molotok → molotki
In other cases, vowels are not lost:
Examples:
posol → posolǐ
ugol → ugolǐ
vjetjer → vjeterǐ
kamenj → kameni